M1-M10

M1 Rome Wasn’t Built in a Day

课文

English is an international language. Therefore, it is necessary for us to learn it. It can be very rewarding or just a wast of time. It’s up to you. It depends on how you study it. Here are some tips about learning English.

First, don’t be afraid to make mistakes. You will learn from them. Second, you must not be shy. Be thick-skinned（厚脸皮的） and speak up!

Finally, you must be patient. Remember, “Rome wasn’t built in a day.”

沧海遗珠

• foul language 粗话，脏话

  • foul adj. 粗俗的，猥亵的
  • People who use foul language show their poor upbringing（教养）.

• Exercise is very rewarding for our health.

• It pays to exercise. 锻炼是值得的。

• accounting 会计

• We have little room here. 我们空间不够了。

• You will get nowhere. 你将一事无成。

• by fits and starts 断断续续地；间歇地

• tip

  • give some tips （复数） 给出一些建议
  • give a tip（单数） 给小费
    • We gave the waitress a big tip because the service was excellent.
  • Don’t forget to tip me. 别忘了给我小费。
  • tip sb. on sth. 建议某人……

• Children are often shy around strangers.

• Only by making mistakes can we learn something.

• stink 发臭的，讨厌的

• Don’t be afraid to ask your boss for a raise. 不要不敢向老板提加薪。

• Please speak up; I can’t hear you.

• 名词从句

  • Where he lives remains a mystery.
  • It remains a mystery where he lives.

• When you are at the beach, play safe. First, don’t swim too far out. Second, don’t swim immediately after eating.

• at first 一般用于过去式，描述过去的状态，可以与 in the end 搭配使用。而 first 是强调次序的概念。

M2 How to Improve Your English

对话

Mack is talking to his friend Don.

M: Hi, Don! How are you doing in your English class?

D: Not so well, I’m afraid.

M: What’s the problem?

D: I’m not improving. Tell me, how come your English is so good?

M: Well, uh…I have an American girlfriend.

D: Aha! That’s it. Now I know what to do. (He runs off.)

M: Hey, come back! I was just kidding!

沧海遗珠

• funny farm 疯人院 (mental asylum /əˈsaɪləm/ 疯人院[正式用法])
• 区分
  • He is just talking non-sense. 他在胡说八道。(此时 talk 后没有介词)
  • What are you talking about? (有介词)
• How are you doing in…? 你在……做的怎么样？
• 询问近况
  • How are you doing?
  • How are you?
  • How are you getting along?
  • How have you been?
  • How’s it going?
  • How did?
  • How do you do? (你好。 用于初次见面)
• blind date 事先一无所知的相亲
• How come + 主语 + 动词……？= Why + 倒装句？
  • How come 只有不用倒装，正常语序即可。
  • How come you didn’t show up at the party?
  • Why didn’t you show up at the party?
• goof around all day 整天无所事事

M3 The City of Song

课文

Listening to music is the favorite pastime of many people all over the world. This is especially true for people living in Vienna (维也纳), the city of song. Being the home of Mozart, this city is the birthplace of classical music and the waltz (华尔兹舞曲，圆舞曲).

Music fills the air in Vienna. Going to public concerts is often free of charge. And don’t forget, Vienna is also home to the world famous Vienne Boys’ Choir (维也纳少年合唱团). No wonder people say Austria (奥地利) is always alive with the sound of music.

沧海遗珠

• 区分
  • Australia 澳大利亚
  • Austria 奥地利
• pot belly 大肚皮
  • He is a big pot belly. 他是一个大肚子。
• pastime n. 先遣，娱乐
  • How to past your time over the weekend?
  • What’s your pastime over the weekend?
• all over the world = across the world = the world over
  • the world over 前不可加任何介词
• face the music 面对困难
• cozy /ˈkoʊzi/
  • adj. 舒适的，温暖的；友好的，亲密无间的；密切的，互相勾结的；轻易得到的（但不一定是恰当的）；不提出（或不接受）挑战的
  • n. （茶壶的）保温罩；（角落里的）带蓬双人座
  • v. （非正式）使感到舒适，使得意
• maestro /ˈmaɪstroʊ/ n. 大师，名家，大音乐家
• These pamphlets are free of charge.
  • pamphlets 小册子
• be alive with… 充满……
• slave
  • Don’t be enslaved by money.
  • Don’t be slave of money.
• choir /ˈkwaɪər/ n. 合唱团，唱诗班
  • chore /tʃɔːr/ n. 家庭杂务；日常杂事
• 动名词作主语一般用于已知的事实或经验
  • Playing basketball is fun.
  • 而不定式短语通常表示未完成的愿望、企图或目的：
  • To study abroad is my desire.
• This deserted old building is home to mice and cockroaches.
  • deserted /dɪˈzɜːrtɪd/ adj. 荒芜的，被遗弃的 v. 遗弃，抛弃，开小差
  • cockroach /ˈkɑːkroʊtʃ/ n. 蟑螂

M4 He Who Hesitates Is Lost

对话

Mike is in Vienna with his girlfriend Daisy.

M: Are you having a good time, Daisy?

D: Are you kidding? I’m having the time of my life. I loved the concerts.

M: Concert going is fantastic but what else can we do?

D: Biking along the banks of the river Danube (/ˈdænjuːb/多瑙河) could be fun.

M: It sounds like a great idea!

D: Let’s do it then.

M: You’re right. As they say, “He who hesitates is lost.” (迟疑者将丧失良机。犹豫就会败北！🤭)

沧海遗珠

• 对比

  • He who works hard will be successful.
  • = Anyone who works hard will be successful.
  • = Those who work(无 ‘s’) hard will be successful.

• 对比 言语：玩火自焚。

  • He who lives by the sword dies by the sword.
  • One who lives by the sword dies by the sword.
  • Those who live by the sword die by the sword.

• He is lost in his work. 他专注于工作中。

• Chinese character 汉字

• 对比

  • have fun doing… = have a good time doing…
  • have a hard time doing…

• kid

  • n. 小孩；小山羊

  • vt. 欺骗；取笑；戏弄

  • vi. 欺骗；取笑；戏弄

  • adj. 小山羊皮制的；较年幼的

  • n. (Kid)人名；(英)基德

• have the time of one’s life 度过某人一生最愉快的时光

• put on

  • 举行（娱乐性、文教性的节目） The artist will put on a new exhibit (展览) next month.
  • 穿上

• concert going = going to concert; house cleaning = cleaning the house

• As they say, “…”

  • = As people say, “…”
  • = As an old saying goes, “…”
  • = As the saying goes, “…”
  • As the saying puts it, “…”
  • As the saying goes, “Even Homer sometimes nodes.”
    • 谚语有云，“人非圣贤，孰能无过。”

M5 Bungee Jumping

课文

Bungee jumping looks like fun, It makes me nervous just to watch someone do it. It certainly takes a lot of guts to jump one thousand feet about the water with only a rope tied to your legs. It scares me just to think about it. However, it is something I really want to do one day.

Some people think I’m crazy. They say to jump is foolish enough, but to have to pay for it is madness. I don’t agree. For me, to live a short and exciting life is far better than to live a long and boring one. What do you think?

沧海遗珠

• wild boar 野猪

  • boar 野猪，公猪

• Paper originated in China. 纸张起源于中国。

• gut

  • n. 内脏；肠子；剧情；胆量；海峡；勇气(口语用法)；直觉；肠

  • vt. 取出内脏；摧毁（建筑物等）的内部

  • adj. 简单的；本质的，根本的；本能的，直觉的

  • I hate his guts. 我恨死他了（口语用法）。

• 区分

  • date 约会
  • appointment 与老师、医生、牙医等的约会
    • I’d like to have an appointment with you tomorrow, doctor.

• The robbers (强盗) tied the band guard with a piece of rope.

• tie A to B

  • The cowboy tied his horse to a tree.

• scare sb. to death 把某人吓得要死

• He looks into the mirror and found that he looked much older.

  • look into the mirror 照镜子

• be scare/afraid/frightened of… 害怕…… = fear…

• be bored with…

  • = be fed up with…
  • = be sick of…
  • = be tired of…

• lunatic /ˈluːnətɪk/ adj. 疯狂的；精神错乱的；愚蠢的 n. 疯子；疯人

• agreeable adj. 令人愉快的；适合的；和蔼可亲的

• physical checkup 体检

• 英文中，表示“看”，“听”，“感觉”的三类及物动词被称为知觉动词，后接宾语，可以接：

  • 原形动词坐宾语补足语，表示已发生的事实：
    • I saw her leave.
    • I heard him cry.
  • 现在分词作宾语补足语，表示进行的状态：
    • I saw her leaving.
    • I heard him crying.
    • I felt my legs trembling.
  • 过去分词作宾语补足语，表示被动的概念：
    • I saw him robbed.
    • I heard the door shut.
    • I felt myself lifted.

M6 Nothing Ventured, Nothing Gained

对话

Lisa and Bill are talking about their future.

L: What’s your goal in life, Bill?

B: To fly in the sky and feel as free as a bird.

L: That’s easy.

B: What do you mean?

L: Go bungee jumping.

B: You must be kidding. It’s too dangerous.

L: Well, nothing ventured, nothing gained.

沧海遗珠

• Nothing ventured, nothing gained. 不入虎穴，焉得虎子。

  • = If nothing is ventured, nothing will be gained.

  • venture

    • n. 冒险旅行；（有风险的）企业

    • v. 敢于冒险；小心地说（或做）；冒着失去……的风险

• Growing up is a learning experience.

• gut

  • n. 内脏；肠子；剧情；胆量；海峡；勇气(口语用法)；直觉；肠
  • vt. 取出内脏；摧毁（建筑物等）的内部
  • adj. 简单的；本质的，根本的；本能的，直觉的
  • I hate his guts. 我恨死他了（口语用法）。
  • He didn’t have the guts/courage to do something. 他没有胆子去做……
  • pluck up one’s courage 鼓起勇气

• future

  • carve out a bright future 开创光明的未来
    • By graduating top of the class, Jim has carved out a bright future for himself.
  • in the future 在未来
  • in the near future 在不久的未来

• imply vt. 意味(= mean)；暗示；隐含

• Easy come, easy go. 来得容易，去的也容易。

M7 Doctor Death (死亡医生)

课文

Whether very sick people should be helped to end their own lives is a question many people cannot answer. However, Dr. Kevorkian is an exception. That he has done this more than twenty times is known to everyone. Some say what he is doing is immoral (不道德的). They call him Doctor Death. Others say what he is doing is merciful (仁慈的). They call him mercy killing (安乐死).

Whether Dr. Kevorkian should be allowed to continue doing this is a real problem for the government. There seem to be two sides to the argument. Which side are you on?

沧海遗珠

• spooky adj. 幽灵般的；有鬼般的；令人毛骨悚然的

• I helped my mother to wash the dishes.

  • = I helped Mother to wash the dishes. (没有 “my” 的时候， “Mother” 首字母大写，否则指代不明。)

• except… = with the exception of… 除……之外

  • Every rule has its exception.
    • = There is an exception to every rule.

• known adj. 闻名的

  • be known to sb. 为某人所熟知
  • be known for sth. 以……闻名
  • be known as + 身份 以某身份闻名

• immoral 不道德的

  • It’s immoral to be unfaithful (不忠诚的) to your girlfriend.
  • Different countries have different moral standards.

• The merciful judge was very lenient with the accused.

  • lenient /ˈliːniənt/ adj. 宽大的；仁慈的
  • accused
    • n. 被告（一般作 the accused）
    • adj. 被控告的
    • v. 指责；控告（accuse 的过去式和过去分词）

• mercy killing 安乐死（口语）= euthanasia /ˌjuːθəˈneɪʒə/ n. （医学用语）安乐死

• There seem to be two sides to the argument.

  • = It seems that there are two sides to the argument.

• divorce v. 离婚

• nagging 喋喋不休的

• proverb 谚语，格言

• One is known by the company he keeps. 观其友，知其人。

• I am worried about whether he can do it.

  • = I am worried about the fact that he can do it.
    • 名词性从句作介词宾语时，只能用whether引导；遇有介词还非要用 that 从句，要加“the fact” 补救

M8 No Hearts or No Brains

对话

Helen and Dick are talking about the previous article.

H: I don’t understand how people can think Dr. Kevorkian is doing the right thing.

D: Well, helping people die with dignity is not that bad, is it?

H: Don’t you know? Where there is life, there is hope. （留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。）

D: Come on. Be realistic. Those people who want to die are suffering. It’s better that they go quickly and painlessly.

H: All you men have no hearts.

D: And all you women have no brains.

沧海遗珠

• by heart 默背
  • We teach our children to memorize their phone number by heart.
• at heart 心底，本性（句尾作副词）
  • Peter really is a very kind man at heart.
• beat/rack one’s brains 绞尽脑汁
  • I stayed up all night and beat my brains but I couldn’t think of the answer. 我彻夜未眠，绞尽脑汁，就是想不到答案。
  • rack vt. 折磨，榨取
• crook n. 骗子，坏蛋；弯处，弯曲部分；钩状物 vt. 使弯曲；欺骗，诈骗 vi. 弯曲，成钩形
• To my understanding, … = To my knowledge, … 据我所知，……
• discuss sth. = talk about sth. discuss 及物动词，其后直接跟宾语，不可加介词
• Be realistic! That pretty girl will never go out with you.
• acupuncture 针灸
• suffer vi. 受苦，罹患 vt. 遭遇到
  • suffer from migraine /ˈmaɪɡreɪn/ 患有偏头痛
  • The lion trainer suffered wounds all over his body. 那个驯狮师全身是伤。
  • You will suffer. 你会受苦。

M9 Be Thoughtful

课文

Being thoughtful simply means thinking of others before yourself. What you say or do will have an effect on others. So it is important that you think before you say or do anything. In this way, you can avoid hurting others’ feelings. Moreover, a thoughtless act or remark can spoil a perfect relationship.

Remember these rules. If you don’t have anything nice to say, don’t say anything. Likewise, if you think what you do will hurt others, don’t do it. After all, what goes around comes around. (种什么因，得什么果。)

沧海遗珠

• be considerate of… 体谅……
• It’s thoughtful of sb. to do sth. 某人做某事真是体贴。
• When I say I mean to do it, I mean it. 当我说我要做这事时，我是认真的。
  • I mean it. 我是认真的。
• feeling
  • have feelings for sb. 对某人有感情
  • have a feeling that… 对……有预感/感觉
• The thoughtless remark cost him his job. 欠思虑的言论使他失去了工作。
  • remark n. 注意；言辞 vt. 评论；觉察 vi. 谈论
• a cinch = a piece of cake 小事一桩
  • cinch /sɪntʃ/ n. （非正式）极其容易做的事情；必定的事；马鞍肚带；五个王牌排最大的纸牌游戏
• plane crash 空难
• Practice makes perfect.
• Likewise, … = By the same token, …
• bear/keep sth. in mind
• I hurt my thumb trying to hammer a nail into the wall.
• What goes around comes around. 种什么因，得什么果。/一报还一报。/种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆。

M10 What Are Friends For

对话

Jane meets her old friend, Fred.

J: Hi, Fred! How’s everything?

F: Not so good, I’m afraid. Supporting a family is becoming more and more difficult these days.

J: What you say can’t be more true. Everything is so expensive. I can hardly make ends meet myself.

F: Oh, really? Do you need any money? What I have is not much, but I can loan you some.

J: I’m OK. Thanks for being so thoughtful anyway.

F: What are friend for?(要不然要朋友干嘛？)

沧海遗珠

• flatter vt. 奉承；谄媚；使高兴

  • Flattering will not get you anywhere. 拍马屁是没用的。

• preside vi. 主持，担任会议主席 vt. 管理

  • The chairman presided over the meeting. 主席主持会议。

• I will meet you half way. Let’s compromise. 我们割让一半。我们协商吧。

• Will you support me if I ask the boss for a raise?

• materialistic adj. 唯物主义的；唯物论的；金钱至上的

• I find that people are becoming more and more materialistic.

  • = I find that people are becoming increasingly materialistic.

• The weather is getting hotter and hotter.

  • = The weather is getting increasingly hot.

• I will support you. = I will side (with) you. = I will back you up.

• sarcastic /sɑːrˈkæstɪk/ adj. 挖苦的；尖刻的，辛辣的

• Watch your language! 注意言辞！

• loan sb. some money = lend sb. some money

• The young couple asked the bank for a loan to buy a house.

• dump sb. 甩掉某人

• Everyone likes to be friend**s** with him.